Eclampsia and HELLP Syndrome

What is Eclampsia?

Eclampsia is a severe complication of preeclampsia that causes seizures. Both preeclampsia and eclampsia can occur before, during or after delivery. The highest risk is in the week following birth.

Eclampsia can be dangerous for the mother and baby and needs to be treated right away. Warning signs and symptoms are not always present, but most women have one of the following before developing eclampsia:

• Severe and persistent headaches
• Blurred vision
• Sensitivity to bright lights
• Confused or unusual behavior

If you experience any of these symptoms, seek medical attention immediately. Share any concerns or questions with your health care team.

What is HELLP syndrome?

While rare, HELLP syndrome is a serious condition. It is a severe form of preeclampsia and can occur before, during or after delivery. HELLP syndrome stands for:

• Hemolysis (the breakdown of red blood cells, which carry oxygen and can lead to reduced oxygen in the body)
• Elevated liver enzymes (a sign of liver damage)
• Low platelet count (which can cause bleeding problems)

If left untreated, HELLP syndrome can be fatal for both mom and baby.

How can I reduce my risk for preeclampsia, eclampsia and HELLP syndrome?

Having a healthy blood pressure before, during and after pregnancy reduces your risk for preeclampsia, eclampsia and HELLP syndrome.

Blood Pressure Categories During Pregnancy

Blood Pressure Categories During Pregnancy

BLOOD PRESSURE CATEGORY	SYSTOLIC mm Hg (top/upper number)	and/or	DIASTOLIC mm Hg (bottom/lower number)
NON-HYPERTENSIVE	LESS THAN 140	and	LESS THAN 90
HYPERTENSION IN PREGNANCY*	140 OR HIGHER	or	90 or higher
SEVERE HYPERTENSION* (If you don’t have symptoms, call your health care professional immediately)	160 OR HIGHER	or	110 OR HIGHER
* If you have any of these symptoms, call 911: severe headache, change in vision, abdominal pain, chest pain, significant swelling, or shortness of breath

Blood pressure can rise up to 1-year after delivery, so it’s important to monitor your blood pressure postpartum, too.

Women at risk of developing preeclampsia can also lower their risk by taking low-dose aspirin during pregnancy. Women should ask their health care professional if aspirin is appropriate.